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 Extremities
 Diabetic Foot


More than 16 million people in the U.S. have diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes). Foot problems, such as diabetic foot ulcers, are one common group of complications. 
Learn More.

Some estimate that one of seven diabetics will develop a serious foot condition at some point in their lives. These are aggravated by loss of protective sensation caused by deterioration of the nerves of the leg.

Common symptoms include:

· Foot ulcers
· Swelling
· Cuts and sores
· Corns
· Ingrown toenail
· Deep infection

If left untreated, gangrene can develop. 

Foot ulcers result in over 80,000 amputations each year. Most could be avoided with

· preventative treatment
· prompt medical treatment
· drug therapy.

When The Feeling Is Gone
One reason problems can arise in the diabetic foot is that diabetic patients often experience a gradual loss of nerve function, known as neuropathy. 

· Usually develops slowly
· May not be noticed at first
· Difficult to detect because it is not a sensation but the absence of sensation

Diabetic patients who have developed neuropathy can injure their feet in many ways. Because they cannot feel the pain that a patient with fully intact nerve function would experience with the same injury, the problem may not be noticed for some time. In some cases, ulceration, deep infection, and damaged joints may eventually result. 

Poor circulation and decreased resistance of the patient to infection can contribute to the development of such problems. 

Patients may not report symptoms, but they may experience

· Pain
· Tingling
· Burning sensation, especially at night
· Unsteadiness in standing and walking

The ulcers, infections, and other problems may themselves be painless because of the sensory issues. 

Visual inspection of the foot may reveal swelling, redness, ulcers, bleeding, blisters, corns, or a change in the shape of the foot. The foot may also feel warmer than normal to the touch. Once the skin barrier is broken the tissues begin to break down. Left untreated, the ulceration can lead to osteomyelitic infection. There are many treatments and preventative measures that are taken prior to this occurrence; however, many ulcerations continue until the only course of action is amputation. 

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